CPAN (シーパン、Comprehensive Perl Archive Network) とは、Perlのライブラリ・モジュールや Perl で書かれたソフトウェアを集めた巨大なアーカイブ。世界中のPerlプログラマが開発したモジュールが簡単に入手でき、インストールすることができる。
CPAN シェル経由でPerlモジュールをインストールすると、他の依存しているモジュールもインストールしてくれるなど、手動でインストールするよりも作業が省けて効率的にインストールできます。
はじめての起動
$ perl -MCPAN -e shell
または、
$ cpan
初めてCPANを起動するとCPANを利用するにあたって設定します。設定はほぼ <Enter> を押すだけ。入力するのは最後のダウンロードサイトに関することだけ。
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/CPAN/Config.pm initialized.
CPAN is the world-wide archive of perl resources. It consists of about
100 sites that all replicate the same contents all around the globe.
Many countries have at least one CPAN site already. The resources
found on CPAN are easily accessible with the CPAN.pm module. If you
want to use CPAN.pm, you have to configure it properly.
If you do not want to enter a dialog now, you can answer 'no' to this
question and I'll try to autoconfigure. (Note: you can revisit this
dialog anytime later by typing 'o conf init' at the cpan prompt.)
Are you ready for manual configuration? [yes]
The following questions are intended to help you with the
configuration. The CPAN module needs a directory of its own to cache
important index files and maybe keep a temporary mirror of CPAN files.
This may be a site-wide directory or a personal directory.
First of all, I'd like to create this directory. Where?
CPAN build and cache directory? [/root/.cpan]
If you want, I can keep the source files after a build in the cpan
home directory. If you choose so then future builds will take the
files from there. If you don't want to keep them, answer 0 to the
next question.
How big should the disk cache be for keeping the build directories
with all the intermediate files?
Cache size for build directory (in MB)? [10]
By default, each time the CPAN module is started, cache scanning
is performed to keep the cache size in sync. To prevent from this,
disable the cache scanning with 'never'.
Perform cache scanning (atstart or never)? [atstart]
To considerably speed up the initial CPAN shell startup, it is
possible to use Storable to create a cache of metadata. If Storable
is not available, the normal index mechanism will be used.
Cache metadata (yes/no)? [yes]
The next option deals with the charset your terminal supports. In
general CPAN is English speaking territory, thus the charset does not
matter much, but some of the aliens out there who upload their
software to CPAN bear names that are outside the ASCII range. If your
terminal supports UTF-8, you say no to the next question, if it
supports ISO-8859-1 (also known as LATIN1) then you say yes, and if it
supports neither nor, your answer does not matter, you will not be
able to read the names of some authors anyway. If you answer no, names
will be output in UTF-8.
Your terminal expects ISO-8859-1 (yes/no)? [yes]
If you have one of the readline packages (Term::ReadLine::Perl,
Term::ReadLine::Gnu, possibly others) installed, the interactive CPAN
shell will have history support. The next two questions deal with the
filename of the history file and with its size. If you do not want to
set this variable, please hit SPACE RETURN to the following question.
File to save your history? [/root/.cpan/histfile]
Number of lines to save? [100]
The CPAN module can detect when a module that which you are trying to
build depends on prerequisites. If this happens, it can build the
prerequisites for you automatically ('follow'), ask you for
confirmation ('ask'), or just ignore them ('ignore'). Please set your
policy to one of the three values.
Policy on building prerequisites (follow, ask or ignore)? [ask]
The CPAN module will need a few external programs to work properly.
Please correct me, if I guess the wrong path for a program. Don't
panic if you do not have some of them, just press ENTER for those. To
disable the use of a download program, you can type a space followed
by ENTER.
Where is your gzip program? [/bin/gzip]
Where is your tar program? [/bin/tar]
Where is your unzip program? [/usr/bin/unzip]
Where is your make program? [/usr/bin/make]
Where is your links program? [/usr/bin/links]
Where is your wget program? [/usr/bin/wget]
Warning: ncftpget not found in PATH
Where is your ncftpget program? []
Warning: ncftp not found in PATH
Where is your ncftp program? []
Where is your ftp program? [/usr/kerberos/bin/ftp]
Where is your gpg program? [/usr/bin/gpg]
What is your favorite pager program? [/usr/bin/less]
What is your favorite shell? [/bin/bash]
Every Makefile.PL is run by perl in a separate process. Likewise we
run 'make' and 'make install' in processes. If you have any
parameters (e.g. PREFIX, LIB, UNINST or the like) you want to pass
to the calls, please specify them here.
If you don't understand this question, just press ENTER.
Parameters for the 'perl Makefile.PL' command?
Typical frequently used settings:
PREFIX=~/perl non-root users (please see manual for more hints)
Your choice: []
Parameters for the 'make' command?
Typical frequently used setting:
-j3 dual processor system
Your choice: []
Parameters for the 'make install' command?
Typical frequently used setting:
UNINST=1 to always uninstall potentially conflicting files
Your choice: []
Sometimes you may wish to leave the processes run by CPAN alone
without caring about them. As sometimes the Makefile.PL contains
question you're expected to answer, you can set a timer that will
kill a 'perl Makefile.PL' process after the specified time in seconds.
If you set this value to 0, these processes will wait forever. This is
the default and recommended setting.
Timeout for inactivity during Makefile.PL? [0]
If you're accessing the net via proxies, you can specify them in the
CPAN configuration or via environment variables. The variable in
the $CPAN::Config takes precedence.
Your ftp_proxy?
Your http_proxy?
Your no_proxy?
You have no /root/.cpan/sources/MIRRORED.BY
I'm trying to fetch one
CPAN: LWP::UserAgent loaded ok
Fetching with LWP:
ftp://ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/MIRRORED.BY
Now we need to know where your favorite CPAN sites are located. Push
a few sites onto the array (just in case the first on the array won't
work). If you are mirroring CPAN to your local workstation, specify a
file: URL.
First, pick a nearby continent and country (you can pick several of
each, separated by spaces, or none if you just want to keep your
existing selections). Then, you will be presented with a list of URLs
of CPAN mirrors in the countries you selected, along with previously
selected URLs. Select some of those URLs, or just keep the old list.
Finally, you will be prompted for any extra URLs -- file:, ftp:, or
http: -- that host a CPAN mirror.
(1) Africa
(2) Asia
(3) Australasia
(4) Central America
(5) Europe
(6) North America
(7) Oceania
(8) South America
Select your continent (or several nearby continents) [] 2
Sorry! since you don't have any existing picks, you must make a
geographic selection.
(1) China
(2) Hong Kong
(3) India
(4) Indonesia
(5) Japan
(6) Kazakhstan
(7) Republic of Korea
(8) Russia
(9) Singapore
(10) Taiwan
(11) Thailand
(12) Turkey
Select your country (or several nearby countries) [] 5
Sorry! since you don't have any existing picks, you must make a
geographic selection.
(1) ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/
(2) ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
(3) ftp://ftp.kddilabs.jp/CPAN/
(4) ftp://ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp/pub/CPAN/
(5) ftp://ftp.riken.jp/lang/CPAN/
(6) ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
(7) ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN
(8) ftp://ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/pub/lang/cpan/
Select as many URLs as you like (by number),
put them on one line, separated by blanks, e.g. '1 4 5' [] 1 2 3
Enter another URL or RETURN to quit: []
New set of picks:
ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/
ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
ftp://ftp.kddilabs.jp/CPAN/
モジュールをインストール
cpan> install モジュール名
モジュールを更新する
cpan> upgrade モジュール名
CPAN 終了
cpan> q
または、
cpan> quit
ロックファイルが残っていてCPANが起動しない
There seems to be running another CPAN process (pid 26919). Contacting...
Other job is running.
You may want to kill it and delete the lockfile, maybe. On UNIX try:
kill 26919
rm /root/.cpan/.lock
ロックファイルを削除してから、改めて起動。
$ rm /root/.cpan/.lock
CPAN のアップグレード
cpan> install Bundle::CPAN
...
インストール後
...
cpan> reload cpan